VZPON STROJEV, PREDZADNJIČ
Izraz ʻvzpon strojev’ najdemo v knjigah, spletnih objavah, filmih. Delno že leta 2021, v polni meri pa lani, je prišlo do revolucionarnega preboja na področju umetne inteligence – nevronske mreže so prvič pri gradnji modelov uporabljale celotni splet. Nastali modeli so zajemali približno toliko informacij kot človeški možgani.
Programi kot GPT3 so začeli tvoriti besedila, ki jih z naivnim Turingovim testom včasih nismo več ločevali od človeških, programi kot DALL-E (ŽIT 2022/11, str. 32) pa so na osnovi opisa tvorili slike, ki so občasno zmagovale na slikarskih tekmovanjih.
Preskok v kakovosti v primerjavi z GPT3 je neverjeten. Marsikdo, tudi nekateri moji znanci, že uporablja chatGPT za tvorbo in popravljanje besedil, e-dopisovanje, za uradno pošto, za pisanje domačih nalog itd. Običajno je potrebno zapisano na koncu še popraviti, a kot različni prevajalniki vam tudi chatGPT prihrani čas. Pri tem je še nekajkrat učinkovitejši kot npr. google translate, saj lahko z njim v eni uri opravite delo, ki ga sicer ne bi končali prej kot v treh. Za razliko od omenjenega prevajalnika pa so ti programi sposobni tvoriti popolnoma nova, še nikoli prej in nikjer zapisana kakovostna besedila.
Programi, kot so chatGPT, prebirajo zapise s celotnega spleta, novega pa tvorijo besedo za besedo in jih sestavljajo nekaj ...
MOTORJI Z NOTRANJIM ZGOREVANJEM NAPRODAJ
Seveda ne govorimo o malih oglasih. Gre za skupno rabo motorjev z notranjim zgorevanjem, ko agregati enega proizvajalca poganjajo tudi avtomobile drugega. Danes je to zaradi vse tesnejšega sodelovanja že samo po sebi umevno, še posebej zaradi vse manjšega števila neodvisnih avtomobilskih znamk. A česa takšnega v zlatih časih avtomobilske industrije ni bilo; dolgo je veljalo, da (skoraj) vsaka resna znamka razvija in izdeluje lastne motorje.
Primeri avtomobilskega motorja, ki ga niso razvili pri isti znamki, so številni in se pojavljajo skozi celotno zgodovino avtomobilizma. Ob njenem nastanku so številni mojstri in delavnice izdelovali kočije, niso pa imeli nikakršnega znanja in še manj izkušenj za izdelavo motorjev z notranjim zgorevanjem. Ta težava ni danes nič manjša: izkušnje in pretok znanja se krepijo, hkrati pa ima vse več posameznikov in podjetij v glavah oz. računalnikih do podrobnosti dodelane zamisli o novih avtomobilih, ne pa tudi o njihovem pogonu.
Razvoj motorjev z notranjim zgorevanjem je namreč draga reč. Danes so ga inženirji s praznega lista papirja (oz. računalniške datoteke) sposobni izdelati v le nekaj letih, a jim pri tem izjemno pomagajo prej nabrane izkušnje in računalniško modeliranje in preizkušanje. Če preskočimo obdobje kovaštva in obrtništva do časa po drugi svetovni vojni, ugotovimo, da so …
ANALOGNA ELEKTRONSKA GLASBILA
Oktobra 1958 je Ameriški patentni urad potrdil izum izpopolnjenega glasbenega sintetizatorja, pri katerem je kot vodilni inženir sodeloval Slovenec Herbert Belar. Njegov ʻsintesajzer’ uvrščamo v vrh analognih oz. zvezno delujočih elektronskih glasbil.
Beseda glasbilo nam v misli običajno prikliče umetelno izdelan predmet, pri katerem se urejeno mehansko zbujanje njegovih delov pretvarja v zgoščine zraka, te pa potem potujejo v naša čutila in možgane, kjer jih zaznamo kot melodije in harmonije. Kako daleč v razvoj človeške vrste sega namerno vzbujanje neorganskih zvokov, pravzaprav ne vemo, saj ga opažamo tudi pri nekaterih živalskih vrstah. Čeprav v naravi lahko prisluhnemo mnogim zvokom, je, kolikor je doslej znano, le človek zmožen zavestnega ritmičnega in melodičnega ustvarjanja, ponavljanja in smiselnega sestavljanja poljubnih zvočnih vzorcev, ki jim danes rečemo glasba.
Čist zvok ali ton glasbila si poenostavljeno ponazorimo kot nihanje oziroma kot sinusno krivuljo, kjer razdalja med sosednjima valoma predstavlja zvočno višino, odmik od ničelne vrednosti pa njegovo jakost. Po eni strani torej velja: čim krajša je razdalja med valovi, tem gostejše je nihanje in posledično vse višji ton. Vrednost tonske višine merimo v hertzih (Hz). Po drugi strani pa ...
CELOTEN SPISEK VIROV ČLANKA REALNOST RAZOGLJIČEVANJA – POGLEJ, PREDEN SKOČIŠ!
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